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1861
THL Offline
#1 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
Did states have the Constutional right to secede from the Union of those states?
usahog Offline
#2 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
do you mean pre Civil War, States?

Yes...

Hog
usahog Offline
#3 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
BTW every State in the Union and in their own Constitution have this very same right today...

Hog
EI Offline
#4 Posted:
Joined: 06-29-2002
Posts: 5,069
another question.

Do you think the states that seceded from the union did so over states rights?
or because they just wanted to keep their slaves?

Guess which reason is only one taught in school these days
usahog Offline
#5 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
well the true answer is over States Rights... but to hear it told from youth of today it was over Slavery...

Hog
THL Offline
#6 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
So then to preserve the Union, Lincoln had to violate the very document that authorized the union of those states in the 1st place?

EI, I'm not ignoring your post, you just jumped ahead.
EI Offline
#7 Posted:
Joined: 06-29-2002
Posts: 5,069
THL I see where your going with this
usahog Offline
#8 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
No Lincoln had to Honor that very document that allowed these States to Succeed (sp) what Document are you refering to?? I hope the Constitution and the articles there of?? Each State and of it's own has a Right to Succeed from the Union... I think Texas is as of the most part one of the States I could see doing so in this time...

Colorado was considering this back during the Clinton Admin. when the EPA was going to force the State of Co. to move a Mountian that contained Lead in it and the cost considerations to such a feat was astronomical 1997 era?? and I cannot recall how close they came??

Hog
usahog Offline
#9 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
Ok now I gotta brush up on my history LOL

I don't see where your going with this one??

Hog
CigarPrimate Offline
#10 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
No state had, nor do they have today, the Constutional right to secede from the Union as of 1788, which was when the Constitution became law. The Constitution spells out the powers and responsibilities of both the federal government and states. For example, states cannot declare war or coin money or do many other things that would be precipitated by an act of secession. Section ten specifically says that no state shall enter into a confederation, which is exactly what South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisianna, Texas, and South Carolina did, and this was why the civil war was fought. Check it out, section 10 of the US constitution: "No state shall enter into any ... confederation." Any dissolution of states from the union immediately obviates the United States, which is what Lincoln fought to preserve. The issue started out as one over slavery, but became one over secession in 1860 when those southern states left the union after having lost a fair election.
EI Offline
#11 Posted:
Joined: 06-29-2002
Posts: 5,069
But would the Union have gone to war with the confederation had not Edmund Ruffin pulled the lanyard on the cannon that fired on Ft. Sumter?

Was the intent of the Union to respond to the south's actions with military force?
Or did the south provoke the Union into war by firing the first volley?



CigarPrimate Offline
#12 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
As with complex dynamics, many factors evolved that resulted in the civil war. The north was struggling to compromise with the south both before and after secession, but conceptually and legally, the second any state pulls out of the union there is no longer a union, and that is one of the crowning acheivements of the constitution; to create a more perfect union and prevent war among the states. If we had absolute states rights we'd be like Africa; a bunch of on again off again warring states. In America, big brother's gonna work to not let that happen.
usahog Offline
#13 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
SECESSION AND CIVIL WAR
http://www.usconstitution.com/AmericanHistoryStorych6.htm

good reading...

although CP I do recall reading in the Constitution and or Ammendments the right or States to Succeed from the Union?? I will continue to look this up

what article 10 are you refering to?

Hog
THL Offline
#14 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
Let's split some hairs which is exactly what was done in 1861. CigarPrimate is almost right. The Const. does prohibit confederation but does NOT prohibit secession.
The 10th amendment:
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
This can be and was interpreted as the "States' Right" to secede. And once seceded the State is longer bound by the Const. and free to confederate if it so chooses.
usahog Offline
#15 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
this is what had me thrown... there are only 7 articles to the constitution followed by Amendments and the very same ammendment X, states what THL pointed out although I was still trying to find the remander of CP's post and will continue.. it's always nice to freshen up...

Hog

usahog Offline
#16 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
THL I'm still wondering why you made this original thread??

this could become a very interesting thread and discussion...

do you see something coming in the future??

Hog
usahog Offline
#17 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
"So then to preserve the Union, Lincoln had to violate the very document that authorized the union of those states in the 1st place?"

to answer your question on above I retract my previous reply and say Yes... Lincoln did in fact violate the very document...

AMENDMENT XI
Passed by Congress March 4, 1794. Ratified February 7, 1795. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Hog
CigarPrimate Offline
#18 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
Lol. It could also be interpreted that Elvis lives on Saturn based on that criterion. I base my interpretation on whether or not a state can secede based on #1) precedent. Look what happened last time states seceeded, then, project how fast federal troops will be on the spot when a similar occurance happens in the future. Like Washington's going to let that happen. And #2) the constitution itself, where the preamble states "we the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union ... erstablish this constitution of the United States of America." Seems pretty clear that any effort to dissolve the 'perfect union' or undermine the "United States" is explicitly unconstitutional.
THL Offline
#19 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
I was referring to 1861 as the thread heading indicates. Certainly, precedent does dictate that the Union be preserved now even if the letter of the law does not. It didn't then as there was no precedent. The rest of your statement is your,(and many others'), interpretation and subject to debate. As interpretation it is implicit and not explicit. Such are the arguments that started/justified this war.

Another question, was Lincoln within the law when he suspended "Habeas Corpus"?
CigarPrimate Offline
#20 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
In times of war the commander & chief may suspend habeus corpus. Again, I use precedent, because Washington did it, Lincoln did it, FD Roosevelt did it, and GW Bush has done it, therefore, it must be legal, no?
THL Offline
#21 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
I'm only aware of Lincoln and FDR having done it. Please provide examples of Washington and GWB. I'm not disputing your statements, just asking for clarification.
usahog Offline
#22 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
Ok I've been waiting to see what THL was getting at with his thread?? But CP showed something very important in his last post...

the knowledge leading into the assumption that this (sucession) would never happen again (not sure knowledge is the word I'm looking for?)

we can go Hypothetical here for a bit... with events of the current day... let's say the US Government Orders all the people of America to get Vaccinated for the possiblity of an Anthrax and or even a Smallpox attack on U.S. Soil... or this event did occure and the same order came down... lets say some of the citizens of these States do not comply with this Governement order and there is enough from each of the States to cause their legislature to follow up on the citizens rights rather then the Government order... would this not be enough for these State to Succeed from the Union and fall back to rely on their own governing Constitutions?

I wait for the response...

Hog
usahog Offline
#23 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
sorry bout that, did not see the follow-up above...

Washington would however be exempt because the United States Constitution was not adopted prior to the American Revolution at the time I think (correct me if I'm wrong) these United States known as the 13 colonies were being run on what is known as the Articals of Confederation which later was drafted in parts into the Constitution of these United States during the Continental Congress of 1774??

Hog
THL Offline
#24 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
The Constiutional Conventions started in 1787 and GW was elected as the 1st Pres. under the new const. in 1789. Hog, I think you're refering to the Declaration of Independence which was envisioned by the Cont. Congress of 1774 and signed in 1776.
usahog Offline
#25 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
Yes you are correct THL.. Declaration of Independence was it... and that document was after George Washington lead into the Revolution. so Habeas Corpus would not apply to George Washington with the Constitution we have today.

Hog
THL Offline
#26 Posted:
Joined: 10-22-2002
Posts: 3,044
Hog, that was my thinking regarding Washington. If he did it as the commander of the Continental Armies then he wasn't bound by the Const. At any rate I can't find any references to him having done it at all.

CigarPrimate?
HockeyDad Offline
#27 Posted:
Joined: 09-20-2000
Posts: 46,272
"Whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of those Ends (Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness), it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness..." Declaration of Independence, 1776

This statement from the Declaration of Independence would seem to run contrary to CigarPrimate's "Perfect Unon" theory. Notice the Constitution just said "in order to form a more perfect union". It doesn't imply a perfection so good that nobody would ever want to leave. More perfect than what?

I submit that the answer to THL's original question is still undetermined and is mired in the debate of lose versus strict construction of the US Constitution. The US Constitution does not specifically say that you can't leave the club once you join. It also does not say you can ever leave. Hence the difference of opinion.

Some states thought they could leave because they never agreed not to so they held legal constitutional conventions according to their state constitutions and voted to secede. If they were right, they were then independent nations that were invaded, conquered, and annexed. If they were wrong, they were a rebellion and were squashed.

After the Civil War, the states that seceded were required to draft new constitutions that formally repealed their previous secession documents and had to ratify the 13th amendment abolishing slavery. If their secession was merely a rebellion, why go to this formal extreme of repealing the secession document and re-admitting a state that never left?

In the case of Florida, a new state constitution was drafted in 1865 but rejected by the US Congress and the state was placed under military rule until 1868 when another state constitution was accepted.

The following was added to get the military occupation to end: "Section 21. This State shall ever remain a member of the American Union, the people thereof a part of the American nation, and any attempt from whatever source, or upon whatever pretense, to dissolve said Union, or to sever said nation, shall be resisted with the whole power of the State."

In 1885, Florida again created and ratified a new state constitution. The above section about never leaving the union was removed and it is still gone today in newer versions of the Florida state constitution.

ryantp Offline
#28 Posted:
Joined: 11-23-2009
Posts: 4,567
this is an interesting thread. i'm enjoying the read, fellas.
usahog Offline
#29 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
HockeyDad, thanks for the understandable clerifications...

I'm also still wanting to know what inspired THL to come up with this thread?

one other thing... is Florida's State Constitution the only one that reads this way?

"In 1885, Florida again created and ratified a new state constitution. The above section about never leaving the union was removed and it is still gone today in newer versions of the Florida state constitution."

Or have other States removed this from their Constitution also?

Hog
usahog Offline
#30 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
HockeyDad, thanks for the understandable clerifications...

I'm also still wanting to know what inspired THL to come up with this thread?

one other thing... is Florida's State Constitution the only one that reads this way?

"In 1885, Florida again created and ratified a new state constitution. The above section about never leaving the union was removed and it is still gone today in newer versions of the Florida state constitution."

Or have other States removed this from their Constitution also?

Hog
usahog Offline
#31 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
Damn I knew when I seen the "Error" box come up I should have backed out of the post and hit refresh...

sorry bout the double post ;0)

Hog
CigarPrimate Offline
#32 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
Habeas corpus was written into the original text of the constitution, which was passed into law in 1788, and Washington was sworn into office in 1789, so he would have been obliged to uphold this civil liberty as president.

My mistake was attributing the de facto suspension of civil liberties under the Alien and Sedition acts of 1798, which was done under president John Adams, not Washington.

Additionally, General (not yet president) Andrew Jackson suspended this liberty in the War of 1812.

Since habeas corpus roughly means you cannot be jailed if there are no charges against you, really all that need be done is fabricate some trumped up charges to get around this triviality, which is done regularly. It can also be done legally for reasons of national security as GW Bush has recently shown.
usahog Offline
#33 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
Hey no such things as mistakes CP... all forgiven.. this refreshing thread has me going back 23 yrs to the days of Old when this discussion on the Constitution was fresh in my mind and on paper for classes...LOL

Hog
CigarPrimate Offline
#34 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
I like it because it's short and accessible. It's the new tax law that gives me problems.
HockeyDad Offline
#35 Posted:
Joined: 09-20-2000
Posts: 46,272
The State of Georgia also had a new state constitution in 1865 that didn't pass muster.

In 1868, Georgia added the following to get the military occupation to end:

" Section 25. Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist only in levying war against the State, or the United States, or adhering to the enemies thereof, giving them aid and comfort; and no person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open court."

"Section 33. The State of Georgia shall ever remain a member of the American Union; the people thereof are a part of the American nation; every citizen thereof owes paramount allegiance to the Constitution and Government of the United States, and no law or ordinance of this State, in contravention or subversion thereof, shall ever have any binding force."

In 1877 Georgia ratified a new state constitution. The above sections now read:

"Par. II. Treason against the State of Georgia, shall consist in levying war against her; adhering to her enemies; giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court."

The part about ever remaining part of the union is gone and still is today.

usahog Offline
#36 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
OK again I was confused as to thinking these States had given up their rights to succeed from the Union when in fact they remained their rights by removing or never placing such wording into their Constitution...

meaning that any State can Succeed from the Union under the Constitution of such said State...

got it, I was a bit worried here LOL

Hog
usahog Offline
#37 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
The judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working under ground to undermine the foundations of our confederated fabric. They are construing our constitution from a co-ordination of a general and special government to a general and supreme one alone." --Thomas Jefferson

http://federalistpatriot.us/
"The rights of neutrality will only be respected when they are defended by an adequate power. A nation, despicable by its weakness, forfeits even the privilege of being neutral."
--Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 11

Hog
CigarPrimate Offline
#38 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
Oh yea, and as far as Bush suspending habeas corpus, just Googling "Bush supends habeas corpus," should keep you busy for quite awhile. Here's one of many actual court documents refering to it however:

http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/terrorism/cltnbush022102ord.pdf
baracuda Offline
#39 Posted:
Joined: 10-03-2004
Posts: 833

Very refreshing thread guys.

Did states have the Constutional right to secede from the Union of those states?
It appears this question has been answered.

Back to hogs question, what was the purpose of the original question ?........THL ?


HockeyDad Offline
#40 Posted:
Joined: 09-20-2000
Posts: 46,272
Here is another tidbit:

Florida and Georgia had to add text that basically issued an oath of allegiance to the United States to get back in good standing and get the military occupation terminated. After waiting for a few years to pass and the Federal troops are gone (gone west to deal with Indians), they then strip the language right back out thus restoring the language back to pre-Civil War days.

Now take a look at the state constitutions of Massachusetts, Ohio, New York, and other prominent northern states during the Civil War. They do not have the oath of allegiance language that was forced on Florida, Georgia, and the other secessionist states. The northern states didn't have it before the war, didn't add it after, and still don't have it today.

This all seems quite complicated if the states never had the right to secede.

CigarPrimate Offline
#41 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
I don't think it's complicated at all. The seceeding states grossly miscalculated, tried to bust up the union so they could continue theiir dispicable practice of slavery, and got their heads handed to them on a platter. My college history text concurs by saying that slavery was what led up to the civil war, but that the war itself was precipitated by secession. Verdict? The north won! Secession from the union was and remains illegal.
HockeyDad Offline
#42 Posted:
Joined: 09-20-2000
Posts: 46,272
CigarPrimate,

Why the states tried to secede isn't relevant. The question is whether or not it is legal.

You have stated that it is illegal so where does the US Constitution declare that states may not secede?

Keep in mind, just because it may be legal to secede doesn't mean you won't get attacked, get your a$$ kicked, and dragged back in while kicking and screaming. Military defeat does not make secession illegal.

(By the way, it is the blue states that now want to secede from the union! Try a google search on 'blue state secession' if you want to have some fun reading.)
usahog Offline
#43 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
there are however two questions unanswered...

1. was the question to THL as to what made him bring up this Thread... which has been a good discussion and

2. my hypothetical question which has merit, since the discussion of a possible Sucession in the future of the States after post Civil War...

Hog
CigarPrimate Offline
#44 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
Now you're opening up the whole can of worms of what's legal and what's not, which is a good thing in my opinion. When I 1st came on these boards the issue of legality over cuban cigars came up, whereby I claimed purchasing and smoking them may be considered illegal for some, but it sure as hell weren't for me. Needless to say some became very agitated over this claim, assuring me that I was wrong and that rectitude was their exclusive property. I had to break down some Searlean categories on ontology and epistemology to show precisely that law is epistemiic (made up in the noggin), even though it can have drastic affects (like over half a million dead in the civil war).

This isn't a thread jack, but an application of what defines law and legality, etc. Law is epistemic, i.e., people make up laws. Is secession legal or illegal according to the constitution? It doesn't say anymore than it says whether abortions are legal, illegal, or a federally or state determined social event. Abortion was tested in Roe v. Wade, and is now determined by the federal courts. Similarly, secession was tested in the civil war. By this criterion, precedent, abortion is legal and secession illegal.

Now, can a state still secede if they so choose to put this to the test again? Legality is largely determined by who holds the power, so probably another test of the legality of secession would have the same outcome; the feds would kick the state or states' asses and secession would remain illegal. In this context military defeat does render secession illegal.

States' rights have been steadily losing ground since the Constitution supplanted the Articles of the Confederation, since the south was defeated in the civil war, since woman's sufferage, since Roosevelt's new deal and social security act of 1935, since Johnson's great society and the 1965 title 18 & 19 amendments to the social security act, and since Roe v. Wade. I think with these considerations in mind blue state voters are still strongly federalist, meaning they support social progress, something states' rightists and red state voter types seem set against. Indeed, most pro-states' rights arguments seem no more than lingering bitterness over the losers in the civil war of the mid-19th century, the southern slave states, who often seem motivated by forces too bizarre for me to understand, which seek the return of America to an era of white supremacy, the degradation of women, and some theocracy similar to Iran's, except with Pat Robertson at the helm.

Now in an ideal world, Bush finishes his current term, returns to Texas and regains the governorship, continues his maniacal ways and secedes from the union, and the fed comes in, led by former ACLU and NOW operatives, and claps him in irons by powers vested in them under the US constitution. Now that's what I'm talking about!
usahog Offline
#45 Posted:
Joined: 12-06-1999
Posts: 22,691
I for one have to beg to differ in the assumption off the feds kicking the States A$$'s... if by chance the hypothetical question I asked ever surfaced and each individual States Rights did surface to whereas these States and Citizens of these States said hell no or else to the federal Gov. then the downfall would result in another civil war... only at this such time would you have military members from these States leaving the Union as Robert E. Lee did during the first civil war and joining with their natural States all over this Land... Keep in mind the Governement is made up of People for the People... and many would take up arms in their own States to guard against the whole Federal System going after the one State.. the resources and the States Constitution would then take full effect to self govern such States... the once known Federal Military would become the ever growing States Militia... and the only way something of this magnitude could take effect here on US Soil is by the President of these United States Declairing Marshal Law Abolishing the Constitution of these United States... and that would take something as a very large terrorist act in the nature of the above mentioned to creat enough panic across the land to cause the fall of the US as a whole...

Hog
hup4 Offline
#46 Posted:
Joined: 10-03-2002
Posts: 223
hog,

I think THL has found a mistake in the constitution, and we have to do the Civil War thing over!!!
LOL!
Great work guys...now I'm going to get a drink and a
smoke!
arwings Offline
#47 Posted:
Joined: 02-09-2003
Posts: 950
To me, and I don't want to "stir the pot" unnecessarily, while the Consitution prohibited acts considered detrimental to the United States as a whole, it did provide a protective measure and took steps to ensure "states rights" were inviolate. I believe that much of the contention arose out of interpretation of the statutes, which necessarily involves subjectivity, which immediately invites a challenge(s) as to the varacity of the interpereter.

In essence I think usahog's argument is ultimately correct but it had to be unacceptable to the Union as, by definition, acknowledging it spelled the demise of a union.

BTW, when you delve through all of the pontifications of that period, you find, as you usually do, that the bottom-line of contention is economic in nature.....which has been the case in all wars, despite the noble, patriotic, ephemeral platitudes, (insert your own favorite phrase here) etc., even up until present day. I am perfectly agreeable with the war in Irag, but although no one is overtly addressing it, obviously it is in the best interest on the United Stats for there to be a democratic form of government in that area of the world which would presumably be more empathetic with the U.S.

Just my thoughts............
HockeyDad Offline
#48 Posted:
Joined: 09-20-2000
Posts: 46,272
CigarPrimate,

You appear to agree that the US Constitution does not state that it is illegal for a state to secede.

Your only argument that made it illegal to secede is that the war was lost. Although the war was lost, that does not manufacture a law. Roe vs Wade involves laws that were written and tested in court. In absence of specific constitutional language, those laws may still be subject to further testing. Courts are very different from battlefields.

There is no need to get sidetracked with an essay on state's rights, federalism, red states, blue states, bitterness over the civil war, theocracy, Bush's current term, ACLU, NOW or anything else too bizarre for you to understand.

Getting back to the question at hand which was whether it was legal in 1861....well it wasn't illegal but nothing said it was legal either and a great many people died.

Secessionist states were occupied by the US army until they drafted new constitutions and ratified the 13th and 14th amendments. Since there was enough doubt about the legality of secession, this process of re-admission to the union was developed. The 14th amendment specifically defines who is a US citizen and declares:

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

As a result of the 14th amendment, ratified in 1868, any state that tried to secede from the union would now be making a law which would abridge the privileges of a US citizen, thus rendering the secession unconstitutional. They could have made the 14th amendment a little more clear by adding "Thou shall not secede" but it is good enough and the hole in the US Constitution is plugged.

In summary, in 1861 the ability to secede was unclear.
In 1868 the 14th Amendment fixed the problem. CigarPrimate doesn't like George W Bush!







bassdude Offline
#49 Posted:
Joined: 01-13-2004
Posts: 8,871
good thread.

and the red states will ensure we keep our arms.
CigarPrimate Offline
#50 Posted:
Joined: 09-18-2004
Posts: 701
HD, you're twisting around the issues a bit it seems. I said "Law is epistemic ... legality is largely determined by who holds the power." So law is determined either in courts, or battlefields, or any other venue where one group can dominate (stick it to) another. Those factors determine law far more than yours or my opinion on a cigar chat room.

Next you claim "There is no need to get sidetracked with an essay on state's rights, federalism, red states, blue states, bitterness over the civil war, [etc.]." Well by all means, let's not get side-tracked with debate. Just present your lecture while I thoughtfully take notes. Here, have a plastic laurel.

In summary, in 1861 the ability to secede was unclear, but the Union made it painfully real enough to the recalcitrant southern slave masters so that legal clarity took a back seat to empirical ass whooping. If you want no debate from me your wish is granted.
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