rem_DaBear
Wednesday, February 9, 2005 7:44:00 PM
One other question.

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So much for the tolerance of Islam! We allow the prisoners at Gintmo to pray facing Mecca several times a day. We are intolerant. Read my post on gross hypocracy!

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Bro, what does that thread have to do with Islam? I even pulled out all the words & did a search for "Islam". There were none. It seemed like yet another (at least partially) "beat up Rick for his bonehead mistake" thread, I think we're up to at least 6 now.

Guessing what people mean seems to always get me in trouble. What idea(s) in particular in that thread are you wanting to include in this discussion?

Skatty2hotty
Thursday, February 10, 2005 4:56:00 AM
DaBear, great research and great posts! Religious texts are extremely intresting and inspirational works. Just like reading Greek and Roman Mythologies or works by Shakespeare, religious texts offer timeless stories with execellent teachings for life. However, like Shkespeare, they also have outdated passages that don't/can't translate into modern times. (Not to mention the human error of mistranslation of the languages) Taking the passages verbatim in many instances can be incorrect.

You quoted Matthew about Jesus taking the sword. That a perfect example. Christians say Jesus was a pacifist, so why is he taking the sword? Taking that literally can lead to violence for religion, so you look for the deeper meaning. Maybe by taking the sword he meant that he was going to be more aggressive in teaching. Although, since Luke mentions actual swords it probably debunks my little metaphor, but, my point is still the same. Also, are we to stone insubordinate children, no, but they can be metaphorically stoned. They can be shunned by the community for their actions (stonewalled if you will).

You also can't rule out mistranslations of text and culture. Judas Escariot is considered a traitor in modern day teachings, but is that entirely correct. Jesus said that "one of you will betray me" ,but betray is most likely a mistranslation. It's more like "presenting". Tradition in those days was for a visiting dignitary to be presented to the Pharisees. There was also a standard fee to the presenter. Why did Judas hand himself. Wouldn't you if you know your actions sent a friend to the grave? Jesus knew that Judas was the only one to be trusted with this act of presentation. Does this translation change any of the teachings of Jesus, no, but I'm sure people will debate it. It doesn't change any of the teachings of Jesus, just shows that he willingly didn't run from persecussion and obeyed the customs of the times. Martin Scorsace (sp) has an interesting (and more historically accurate according some biblical scholars) version of Judas in "The Last Temptation of Christ". He even mentions Judas's role as an assassin, which is how is name is derived. Escariot wasn't a surmane, but a mistranlation of his title Sicarii.

I guess the main point of my ramblings is that there is an overall good message from religious teachings, but due to cultural and language differences, should be taken as a guideline and not fact.

usahog
Thursday, February 10, 2005 11:21:00 AM
Skatty... Very Well Stated!!!!

Hog

rem_DaBear
Thursday, February 10, 2005 1:55:00 PM
Agreed Skatty.

Just another consideration. There were many other books that were left out of the compilation of work that makes up the KGV of the Bible. Some are referred to as the Apocrypha (ie. hidden) books. (old testament)

Aside from them, there is also The Gospel of Thomas. (Didymos Judas Thomas - aka. doubting Thomas) The work was not deemed canonical, I think due to the style it was written in as opposed to it's content (My opinion). It is a compilation of I believe 114 (plus or minus depending on whether you're using the Greek or the Coptic version as a baseline) sayings that Jesus spoke, according to Thomas, and they're written in the form of a collection as opposed to a story/chronicle.

As an example, verse 3 (Coptic Trans.):

3) Jesus said, "If those who lead you say, 'See, the Kingdom is in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather, the Kingdom is inside of you, and it is outside of you. When you come to know yourselves, then you will become known, and you will realize that it is you who are the sons of the living Father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty and it is you who are that poverty."

(That is one of my favorites)

Anyway, (IMHO) With books of faith, as with all true works of art, the image is recreated with every person who experiences it. What exactly that image is, is a blending of both the viewer and the work. I guess my point is anyone can interpret any book of faith as "evil", but the evil truly resides within the individual who twists & perverts the work, remaking it in his own image, to give himself false divine justification and freedom to advance his own pre-conceived and oftentimes malignant agenda.

Sorry if that last bit sounds kinda like metaphysical hoohaa, it's the best way I can think to write it.

BTW:

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but betray is most likely a mistranslation. It's more like "presenting". Tradition in those days was for a visiting dignitary to be presented to the Pharisees.

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That's good stuff I didn't know. Thanks!

jekyl9
Thursday, February 10, 2005 2:22:00 PM
haven't you folks figured it out yet????

THE VERY ESSENCE OF RELIGION IS INTOLERANCE!!!!!!!!!!!

MY GODS BIGGER THAN YOUR GOD!!!!!!1

here's a question for you.. did god create man or did man create god to explain what he didn't understand?

bloody spaniard
Thursday, February 10, 2005 3:12:00 PM
^Ay caramba!

I just have to shake my head at Jekyl's post.

Believe it or not Jekyl, some of us paleo-conservatives agree with you sometimes but then you make a comment like this...and you turn into Hyde.

The essence of true Christianity is tolerance and acceptance of everything EXCEPT sin.

If you feel that the difference between good and evil is purely subjective, then you have a problem.

Having said that, I know all Muslims are not evil just as I know all Christians are not good. A Christian

may attempt to convince through peaceful means in order that the non-believer be "saved" and experience the love of Christ. If the nonbeliever resists, that is his choice and the Christian usually walks away.

A Muslim will coerce the infidel through ANY means possible but if resisted, the muslim "justifiably" resorts to violence. The infidel must accept his definition of truth/salvation or die.

The line is drawn in the sand.

Skatty2hotty
Thursday, February 10, 2005 3:14:00 PM
DaBear, I am familiar with some of the edited gospels. (Nag Hammadi and Dead Sea Scrolls) I became intrested when I first learned about The Council of Nicea (sp) in which the Gospels were "chosen" to create the appropriate dogma for christianity.
bigjordo
Thursday, February 10, 2005 3:20:00 PM
there is a religious movement thats been going on in India for a while now that has recieved a ridiculously little amount of attention in the U.S. it's called Swadhyaya....the only reason i know about it is because of an incredibly intelligent and highly prominent history professor i had a few years ago who had been to some of their meetings.....she told us of a gathering of 500,000+ people, some jews, some christians, some muslims, and some hindus who met in peace, without and direction, and came together to listen and learn.....these people have the right idea, just my humble opinion

jordo

rem_DaBear
Thursday, February 10, 2005 3:35:00 PM
--------------------------

haven't you folks figured it out yet????

THE VERY ESSENCE OF RELIGION IS INTOLERANCE!!!!!!!!!!!

MY GODS BIGGER THAN YOUR GOD!!!!!!1

--------------------------

Do you mean all religions, past & present? If you're truly interested in the discussion, could you explain why you feel this way? There is & has been religious intolerance yes, but I wouldn't agree the "essence" of religion is intolerance.

My guess is a lot of folks are going to see this as just flame-bait.

---------------------------

here's a question for you.. did god create man or did man create god to explain what he didn't understand?

---------------------------

That is a good question. Personally, I'd say man created religion, but to answer whether man created God or God created man, is of course to argue the very existence of God, which in turn requires the definition of God. I can't define God, nor could many theologians, scholars, or even Saints. Therefore, my honest answer is "I don't know".

EI
  • EI
  • Herf-A-Holic
Thursday, February 10, 2005 4:28:00 PM
DaBear don't waist your time with him

it's like getting into a PI$$ing contest with a guy that squats

JonR
Thursday, February 10, 2005 5:36:00 PM
"here's a question for you.. did god create man or did man create god to explain what he didn't understand?"

Here's another question for you...did C-Bid create Rickamaven or did Rickamaven create C-Bid so he would have a forum to bash President George W. Bush?

Only God Knows .

JonR

rem_DaBear
Thursday, February 10, 2005 8:16:00 PM
-------------------

Having said that, I know all Muslims are not evil just as I know all Christians are not good. A Christian

may attempt to convince through peaceful means in order that the non-believer be "saved" and experience the love of Christ. If the nonbeliever resists, that is his choice and the Christian usually walks away.

A Muslim will coerce the infidel through ANY means possible but if resisted, the muslim "justifiably" resorts to violence. The infidel must accept his definition of truth/salvation or die.

-------------------

There are (roughly) between .7 and 1.2 Billion Muslims in the world. There are (roughly) 6 million Muslim citizens here in the United States. That's approximately 1 out of every 50 people in the US.

Bro, I've known Muslims, I've had friends who were Muslims, my wife's niece & nephew are Muslim. Not one of these people has ever tried to convert me, let alone coerce me (or worse). Have any Muslims ever tried to convert (coerce) you & if so when they failed did they get violent?

A Muslim could just as easily state the exact opposite of what you said, and each of you could site cases of persecution going both ways, past & present. It's all a matter of perspective.

Now, if you wanna talk Wahhabi extremists, absolutely, they freakin' hate us, and Israel. They're the ones who want us dead with a capital "D". They bastardize Islam, politicizing it as a means of justifying anti-American & anti-Semitic rhetoric and aggression to facilitate a return to "9th century Islamic culture".

We need to build bridges with "mainstream" Muslims, not perpetuate stereotypes based on a minority within the religion. If we alienate all Muslims, how many more will turn to UBL and his whacked out school of thought?

Different, but not diametrically opposing:

-Statement of reciprocity

Christian

"Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." Matthew 7:12

Islamic

"Not one of you is a believer until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." Fourth Hadith of an-Nawawi 13

-Basis for determining life after death

Christian

There is no consensus in Christianity. Different faith groups hold various diverse beliefs: trusting Jesus as Lord and Savior, good works, church sacraments, baptism, avoiding certain actions.

Islamic

Once they reach puberty, his/her account of deeds is opened in Paradise. To attain paradise, at death, their good deeds (helping others, testifying to the truth of God, leading a virtuous life) must outweigh their evil deeds.

-Jesus(Yeshua) birth

Christianity

Most believe virgin birth, some believe normal birth.

Islamic

Virgin birth

-What happened to Jesus(Yeshua) after death:

Christian

He ascended into Heaven.

Islamic

He never died, he ascended alive into Heaven.

Also, while they don't believe Jesus was the son of God, they do believe he was a messenger from God, and when they write his name, in many Islamic texts & writings, they put either (Bless Him) or (Allah bless his name) or some reverence after it. That (IMHO) would seem strange if they truly hated Christianity.

bloody spaniard
Friday, February 11, 2005 4:56:00 AM
*DaBear said: "Bro, I've known Muslims, I've had friends who were Muslims, my wife's niece & nephew are Muslim. Not one of these people has ever tried to convert me, let alone coerce me (or worse). Have any Muslims ever tried to convert (coerce) you & if so when they failed did they get violent?

[RESPONSE: DaBear, please RE-READ the initial post on this thread: "Hadith, Vol. 1:35 teaches the Muslim that “The person who participates in Jihad in Allah’s cause…will be recompensed by Allah with a reward or booty (if he survives) or will be admitted to paradise (if he is killed).” If someone believes such terrible actions will result in earthly or eternal reward, it becomes more understandable how he could take such an action.

Some, even many Muslims, will say that Islam is a religion of tolerance and that there are many verses in the Koran that speak of tolerating other religions. Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi, writing in An-Nasikh Dal-Mansukh, 1986, pp. 12-18, ‘…informs us that there are 114 verses that speak of tolerance in early Islam, but all were abrogated by one verse “Slay the idolaters wherever you find them.”’ (Q 9:5)

The Koran also teaches “Whoso desires another religion than Islam, it shall not be accepted of him; in the next world he shall be among the losers.” (Q 3:85)

Some of you may have Muslim neighbors or co-workers who are very friendly. First, you need to understand that most Muslims, like most Christians, have no idea what their religion actually teaches. Second, you should understand that the Koran 5:54 teaches, “O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors. They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he among you that turns to them is one of them.” This means that Mohammad taught that no Muslim could befriend a Jew or Christian. To do so would be to turn away from Islam and become an “infidel.” The penalty for such an action, according to Islamic law, is death.

Many Christians, and most Muslims, believe that Allah is the God of the Bible. Many even believe the Muslims are descendants of Ishmael and therefore have a common ancestry with Christians and Jews. In fact, archeology has proven that Allah existed long before Mohammad. Mohammad’s family worshipped an idol whose name was originally, al-ilah (the deity). That name was shortened to Allah and many of Mohammad’s family members had names, which included the name Allah. Archeologists also have shown that al-ilah was simply another name for an ancient moon-good whose name was Sin (as in Sinai and the wilderness of Sin — mentioned in the Bible). This moon-god also had another name, Baal. He was married to the sun-goddess and they had three daughters who were the stars. One of those daughters was named Istar (or Ishtar, Diana, Artemis, or Easter). The symbol for the god al-ilah was a crescent moon, which is included on many of the Muslim nation flags and adorns their mosques and buildings.]

*DaBear said: "A Muslim could just as easily state the exact opposite of what you said, and each of you could site cases of persecution going both ways, past & present. It's all a matter of perspective.

[Response: Oh really? All that you have to do is open your eyes/ears and see what is reported by the mostly liberal-leaning media. Do you see evidence of Muslim persecution by Christians. Or is it the other way around from Sudan to Indonesia?

Do we have the equivalent of of the Christian-hating Al Jazeera? No, in actuality we have networks committed to denigrating and downplaying any efforts to help the muslim world- from the tsunami where Bush is promising close to a trillion dollars (to mostly muslim governments) that we do NOT have, to the billions committed for reconstruction of Afghanistan's & Iraq's infrastructures that should be covered with THEIR oil revenues]

*DaBear said:"Now, if you wanna talk Wahhabi extremists, absolutely, they freakin' hate us, and Israel. They're the ones who want us dead with a capital "D". They bastardize Islam, politicizing it as a means of justifying anti-American & anti-Semitic rhetoric and aggression to facilitate a return to "9th century Islamic culture".

[RESPONSE:I don't believe that the majority of muslims committing terrorist acts & sawing off heads in Iraq are wahhabi. Most are Shiites and Sunnis (Bathist party). Remember the adults AND children who danced and laughed with total glee as they barbecued and mutilated the contractors and then hanged their remains from a bridge?]

*DaBear said:"We need to build bridges with "mainstream" Muslims, not perpetuate stereotypes based on a minority within the religion. If we alienate all Muslims, how many more will turn to UBL and his whacked out school of thought?

[RESPONSE: Mainstream muslims? Where do we find these open-minded people? In Holland, Spain, Lybia?

Perpetuate "stereotypes"--These sterotypes are the images that THEY impose upon us EVERY DAY! We send missionaries w/food and medicine, they send us Al Jazeera. Where are the muslim missionaries when they bomb Madrid, the Twin Towers, even their own???!!!

How you can equate the teachings of Jesus Christ (the logos) with the epileptic (rambling) rantings of a violent warrior who was a pedophile, I'll never know.

I don't know how to bring our peoples together but I do know that trying to buy their affection by bombing Serbs or "liberating" them from their own despots, won't work. They have to make an effort as well.

Just my 3 cents...

rem_DaBear
Friday, February 11, 2005 12:34:00 PM
Bloody, thank you for the reply.

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*DaBear said: "Bro, I've known Muslims, I've had friends who were Muslims, my wife's niece & nephew are Muslim. Not one of these people has ever tried to convert me, let alone coerce me (or worse). Have any Muslims ever tried to convert (coerce) you & if so when they failed did they get violent?

[RESPONSE: DaBear, please RE-READ the initial post on this thread: "Hadith, Vol. 1:35 teaches the Muslim that “The person who participates in Jihad in Allah’s cause…will be recompensed by Allah with a reward or booty (if he survives) or will be admitted to paradise (if he is killed).” If someone believes such terrible actions will result in earthly or eternal reward, it becomes more understandable how he could take such an action.

-------------------------------

We covered this already, please read the whole thread. There are many verses from the Bible where God commands intolerance & violence.

That is not what the Bible is about, nor is it what the Quran is about.

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...114 verses that speak of tolerance in early Islam, but all were abrogated by one verse “Slay the idolaters wherever you find them.”’ (Q 9:5)

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In contrast, should one disregard the many teachings of love in the Bible because there are verses that command the death of those who will not worship God?

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Some of you may have Muslim neighbors or co-workers who are very friendly. First, you need to understand that most Muslims, like most Christians, have no idea what their religion actually teaches.

-------------------------------

Luke 19:27

(Jesus said) But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me.

So having read this, one could conclude "good Christians" are only "good" because they don't understand their own religion. I strongly disagree.

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Many Christians, and most Muslims, believe that Allah is the God of the Bible ... Archeologists also have shown that al-ilah was simply another name for an ancient moon-god whose name was Sin (as in Sinai and the wilderness of Sin — mentioned in the Bible). This moon-god also had another name, Baal.

-------------------------------

Dr. Morey (A radical) and his faulty methodology have also been well chronicled. Even some Christian theologians find his work & his outright deceit appalling. Lets put that aside for a moment and look at the transitional logic with which he tries to imply Allah = Baal.

Allah = Al-Ilah. Agreed, it is a contraction. Al-Alih translates to "the God" or "the Deity"

Al-Ilah = Sin. I disagree. Morey claims Sin (moon-god) was the high-god of the pagans. Sin also had a father, Attar. If one is considering the entity "Al-Ilah" as opposed to the title "Al-Ilah", ("Lord" vs "the Lord") and trying to equivocate him with Sin, how can a (monotheistic) God have a father? (If we use a trinitarian arguement, then the debate becomes is Christianity truly monotheistic, which is another topic)

About Baal. "Baal" literally translated to "Lord" or "Master" or "Owner" or "God", depending on the region within which it was used. Baal was worshipped by the Semites, the Canaanites, the Carthagenians, the Phoenecians, and a host of other cultures to include the ancient Jews. Ritual sacrifice, mostly burnt offerings,(mostly animal but occasionally human as well) was indeed practiced.

If we're going to talk Qabalism, we need to discuss "El" as well. He was the Canaanites chief god. "El" translated simply to "God". El was the "father of humanity" and "creator of all created things". He was the "creator" god of the Canaanite pantheon, and the head of the divine council. (likened to Kronos)

Now, in the Judeo-Christian Bible God the father is referred to by many names: Jehovah(Yahveh), Adonai, El, Elohim, Elohe, as well as many compund names created by adding on a trait to one of the aforementioned names. (ie. Jehovah El Emeth = Lord God of Truth).

Does this mean God = El = a pagan god? No, but it follows the same pseudo-transitory logic.

There is also nothing inherently sinister with regards to the "cresent" symbol. The Muslim calendar is lunar based, as is the Jewish calendar. We see the Christian "fish" symbol all over the place, from vans to vestments, but I don't think Christians worship fish or a fish god. Where in the Quran or the Haddith does it state "Allah" is the moon-god? Usually when you worship a God, you don't hide his attributes.

One more note. It's pretty clear Dr. Morey was trying to imply Allah = Beelzebul/Beezelbub (Baal-zebub)

to convince Christians that Islam equates to "Devil worship", and Muslims are followers of Satan.

That's what I was referring to WRT evil interpretations of faith.

-----------------------------------------

Oh really? All that you have to do is open your eyes/ears and see what is reported by the mostly liberal-leaning media. Do you see evidence of Muslim persecution by Christians. Or is it the other way around from Sudan to Indonesia?

-----------------------------------------

My eyes/ears usually work ok.

This is a taken from a U.S. state department report on religious freedom (9/99):

(In addition to China) the report highlights:

# In Saudi Arabia, there were instances of arbitrary detention of members of the Shia sect, a minority Islamic grouping. Non-Muslims are required to worship privately.

# In Sudan, the ongoing civil war provided the basis for severe persecution of Christians and of Muslims who deviate from officially approved practices.

# In Serbia, hundreds of thousands of Muslims in Kosovo province were killed or forced from their homes by the country's security.

# In Myanmar, the former Burma, security forces destroyed or looted churches and mosques, mostly in areas where anti-government rebels are active.

Note line 3. Ethnic-cleansing by the Serbian Orthodox Christian majority. Political, absolutely, but the Albanian Muslim who is killed by the Serbian Christian may certainly see it as religious in nature. Again, does this mean Christianity is evil? No, absolutely not.

I never said there was no persecution, I said examples can be sited both ways. Most of these are political in nature. Throughout history, when groups vie for power they often use religion to justify it & incite the masses.

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:I don't believe that the majority of muslims committing terrorist acts & sawing off heads in Iraq are wahhabi. Most are Shiites and Sunnis (Bathist party). Remember the adults AND children who danced and laughed with total glee as they barbecued and mutilated the contractors and then hanged their remains from a bridge?

------------------------------------------

Now we're talking about atrocities committed in an occupied country. The CIA stated they had a "high degree of confidence" that it was Zarqawi himself who read the statement & carried out the beheadings that were broadcast on television, and that Zarqawi's network is considered the main source of kidnappings, bomb attacks and assassination attempts in Iraq. As for the contractors hanging from the bridge, I can't say whether it was done by people from his network or not, I don't know.

I do know that we (a predominantly Christian nation) have killed over an estimated 200,000 Iraqi civilians. (predominantly Muslims) Yes the mutilations and murders are disgusting & reprehensible, but should we therefore condemn a whole religion and over a billion people worldwide for the actions of a few?

With that attitude, how can we expect all the families of the dead Iraqi civilians to see that this war isn't a holy war? Christianity is not evil because we waged war on Iraq. Islam is not evil because some of it's followers pervert it to justify their own agenda.

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Mainstream muslims? Where do we find these open-minded people? In Holland, Spain, Lybia?

------------------------------------------

Some of us can't find them anywhere I guess, and that's truly sad.

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How you can equate the teachings of Jesus Christ (the logos) with the epileptic (rambling) rantings of a violent warrior who was a pedophile, I'll never know.

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Sorry bro, I have no answer for that, the statement speaks for itself.

dccrens
Wednesday, February 16, 2005 11:59:00 AM
DaBear,

You have posted some GREAT info and very good replies. Thanks. My original post was meant to generate thoughful debate and commentary in the hopes that different sides/views would be presented and people, including me, would learn something. I am not religious at all. I believe in some "higher power" but don't believe in any religion. I do however respect them all.

Couple of counter points I would offer.:

Dabear- "He espouses that the verses signify peace wherever possible, war only in self-defense. Your source finds it profitable to his business to soe fear and misunderstanding among his people. Pass the plate, or the altar boy, or whatever is getting passed these days, it certainly isn't tolerance and understanding. Come to think of it, it never has been about that has it... Imagine that, same as it ever was. "

Dabear- "Folks, instead of swallowing the pablum you are spoon fed with your eyes closed whilst rubbing your belly as if sated, try looking for yourself. Nah, don't want reason and intellect to get in the way of blind faith now do we... "

I would urge you to re-read what he wrote---

"One objective in writing this and the last letter was to encourage people in the West to read the Quran for themselves, and not depend on the newspaper to describe it with a few out-of-context quotes. I called several bookshops in our area of California and they said the Quran was selling briskly. Get one and read it! It is a difficult book to wade through, but it is not too long, and I urge you to persevere. "

Seems to me that the Pastor is very open (unlike some other Pastors I have known) and is urging folks to learn for themseleves.

Also, you quoted from a website:

"The invasion of Iraq in March 2003 by coalition forces has lead to the death of at least 100,000 civilians, reveals the first scientific study to examine the issue.

The majority of these deaths, which are in addition those normally expected from natural causes, illness and accidents, have been among women and children, finds the study, released early by The Lancet on Thursday.

The most common cause of death is as a direct result of violence, mostly caused by coalition air strikes, reveals the study of almost 1000 households scattered across Iraq. And the risk of violent death just after the invasion was 58 times greater than before the war. The overall risk of death was 1.5 times more after the invasion than before.

The figure of 100,000 – estimated by extrapolating the surveyed households’ death toll to the whole population - is based on "conservative assumptions", notes Les Roberts at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, US, who led the study."

However, in reading the WHOLE article one may question the "science" of the results based on their own words. It doesn't look like it would be very accurate to me...

"The team of US and Iraqi scientists recorded mortality during the 15 months before the invasion and the 18 months afterwards. They carried out the survey of 988 Iraqi households in 33 different areas across Iraq in September 2004.

Using a GPS (global positioning system) unit, the interviewers randomly selected towns within governates. They then visited the nearest 30 houses to the GPS point randomly selected.

Families living under one roof were asked about deaths in their household before and after the war. “Confirmation was sought to ensure that a large fraction of the reported deaths were not fabrications,” write the team. The interviewers did ask for death certificates, but only in two cases for each cluster of houses. This was because of concerns that implying the families were lying could trigger violence.

But the team believes that lying about deaths is unlikely and, if anything, “it is possible that deaths were not reported” because families might want to conceal them.

Horton acknowledges the potential for recall bias among those interviewed and also the relatively small sample size. “The research was completed under the most testing of circumstances - an ongoing war. And therefore certain limitations were inevitable and need to be acknowledged right away,” he says.

But he also calls for an “urgent political and military response”."

Again, thanks for the information and debate.