re 12:
I think the role is called a Moyel
Funny story - about a year ago, I was travelling a few hours with some buddies in the car. One of them had just given me a scissor cutter.
It got us to talking and we were pondering that the ceremony is called a Bris, and the man who performs it is called a Moyel. But what do they call the knife?
We must have called about 50 Jewish folks that we know over the next 4 or 5 hours, some of them rather devout, and not a single one could answer the question.
A couple of days later, I went online and found a Rabbi who was able to provide the following:
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the hebrew term is izemel. (pronounced: eezemell) Today many mohelim use a surgical scalpel.
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Needless to say, the scissors I was gifted are now called Izemel.